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Buy Vipera ammodytes Venom Online, ammodytes can be found in Austria (Kärnten, Südsteiermark), N Italy, W Hungary, Croatia (including some Adriatic islands), Slovenia,
Bosnia and Hercegovina, Monte Negro, Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece (incl. Paros, Antiparos, Strongylo, Andros), Turkey, Russia, Republic of Georgia, Azerbaijan.

According to WHO Guidelines for the Production, Control, and Regulation of Snake Antivenom Immunoglobulins, the Vipera ammodytes species is of the highest medical importance in Central Europa. The venom of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes is used for the production of antivenom immunoglobulins aimed at these countries.

Ammodytoxins A, B, C, Ammodytins I1, I2, Vipoxins A, B(PLA²s), Disintegrin VA6, Serine protease Inhibitors 1 and 3, svVEGF Vammin are extracted from the venom of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes

The Viperids (Viperidae) family of Scaled (Squamata), reptiles, includes in the world about 270 species, subdivided into two subfamilies: the Crotalins (Crotalinae), belonging exclusively to the American continent, and the Viperins (Viperinae), that live in Europe, Asia, and Africa. They are all equipped with “solenoglyph” teeth, that is empty inside, from where the venom can transit, and retractile, to shut when in resting position.

Each species, depending on the type of venom, the use of which is that of killing the prey and digesting it, may arouse four types of physical reactions: proteolytic, coagulant, hemolytic and neurotoxic.

That of the Horned viper (Vipera ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758) causes an especially neurotoxic action, with the paralysis of the subject. Unlike other vipers, almost all little dangerous, this is capable to kill a man. As a matter of fact, it is the most venomous among the European species, luckily little aggressive and very timid, therefore difficult to meet.

Terrifying close-up of the head with the typical frontal small horn, about 5 mm long. The viperids are highly evolved snakes. Not only do they protect their eggs inside the mother’s body, but the venomous teeth are hollow: long folding syringes to inject with no waste and deep their powerful venom.

In the rattlesnakes this group of reptiles has done then a further incredible step forward, with infrared rays dimples for a perfect vision of the prey even during the night in the total darkness © Giuseppe Mazza

The genus Vipera, comes from the name the Romans gave to these serpents, that in turn comes from “viviparous”, which means that it gives birth to live children, emphasizing the fact that this reptile has eggs opening inside the uterine sac, with newborns already able to move, like the mammals. The gestation so called actually ovoviviparous, might therefore indicate an evolutionary step in the world of reptiles.

For what the specific name ammodytes, coming from the Greek words “ammos” arena and “dyo” to enter, from which we might infer the action of easily penetrating into the sand, concerns, we can affirm that this is an odd choice, poorly corresponding to reality, being the rocky environment the exclusive one of this species.

The presence of four subspecies has been proved: the Vipera ammodytes meridionalis Boulenger, 1903, of central-southern Greece, the Vipera ammodytes montidoni Boulenger, 1904, in Albania, Macedonia, western Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria and the Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana Boulenger, 1913, in eastern Turkey and Georgia. The fourth, the nominal, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes, is spread in the rest of the range of the species.

The terms in the main languages are as follows: Vipera dal corno (Italian), Nose horned viper (English), Europäische Hornotter, Europäische Sandotte (German), Víbora cornuda (Spanish), Koiní ochiá (Greek), Boynuzlu engerek (Turkish), Nosataya gadyuka (Russian). Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online –  Venom Shop

Zoogeography

The Vipera ammodytes can be found in Austria, Slovenia, Croatia (islands included), Bosnia Herzegovina, Central Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, Albania (and Ada island), up to Greece (with islands of the Aegean and Ionian Seas). Eastward: up to Georgia and north-eastern Turkey. Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online – Reptile Venom Shop

In Italy, it is present only in the northeastern regions: Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, and Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is absent in Sardinia, as well as any other venomous serpent. Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online – Reptile Venom Shop

It is missing in the rest of Europe, that is in all the western part. The main reason for this irregular territorial distribution may be attributed to its “stentorian” nature, which may define as a reduced ecological tolerance, where small or very small variations in environmental factors affect its existence and may even cause its extinction.

Ecology-Habitat

Always looking for the sunniest locations, the horned viper prefers the rocky zones and the screes, able to accumulate heat, as well as the dry shores of the streams, the walls of piled up stones, and the sinkholes. Consequently, the species is totally absent from the water, also due to its clumsy structure that prevents smooth movements suitable to such an environment.

For the same reason, it is not able to climb the trees, but only to reach some low bush. In its preferred herbaceous habitat we can easily distinguish Helichrysum italicum (curry plant), Salvia officinalis(common sage), and Smilax aspera(rough bindweed). Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online –  Venom Shop

Morpho-physiology

The Vipera ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758 can be easily recognized due to the presence of a frontal horn (about 5 mm), of soft consistency covered by small scales, a unique feature among these species. The size goes from 60 to 90 cm, one meter exceptionally. The back is pale grey with whitish shades. Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online

The abdomen has also small white dots and black spots. Through its length is always present an evident zigzagging pattern, formed by lozenges linked together up to the tail. The head, robust and well visible, is adorned by dark marks, distinct, U-or V-shaped, that may recall the silhouette of a gripper. Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online

The females are usually less drawn, with paler lines. Over the eye is evident a sort of protruding eyebrow. At times are observed specimens with orange, reddish or pale brown chromatisms. In the subspecies can be observed specimens having orange or yellow tail. Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online

Ethology-Reproductive Biology

The Vipera ammodytes hunt waiting patiently for the prey. It easily climbs the rocks, where it feels completely comfortable. The main foods include mammals; birds, saurians, and arthropods. Among the first, we have Sorex araneus, Sorex alpinus (common shrew and alpine shrew), Microtus arvalis (common vole), and Glis glis(edible dormouse). Buy Vipera Ammodytes Venom Online – Buy snake venom online

Among the birds, it is able to catch Erithacus rubecula (robin), Parus major (great tit), and Motacilla alba(white wagtail). Buy Vipera ammodytes Venom Online, Buy Vipera ammodytes Venom Online